/*
Theme Name:   IEEE Open
Theme URI:    http://themeforest.net/user/greatives
Description:  A custom theme for IEEE Open based on the Movedo Theme.
Version:      1.0.8
Author:       thinkdm2
Author URI:   https://thinkdm2.com
Template:     movedo
*/

/*__// Stylesheet Contents //__*//*

	0. General Overrides
	1. Classes
	2. Typography
	3. Header & Nav
		a. Mobile/Hidden Menu
	4. Footer
	5. Modules & Elements
		a. Accordions
		b. Buttons
		c. Cards
		d. Image/Text
		e. Portfolio Filter
		f. Forms
	6. Home Page
	7. Secondary Pages
		a. Partner Pages
		b. Blog Pages
	8. System Pages
		a. Search
	X. Media Queries

*//*__// 0. General Overrides //__*/
.widget, .widgets {
	margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.grve-back-top .grve-wrapper-color {
	transition: background-color .3s ease;
}

.grve-back-top:hover .grve-wrapper-color {
	background-color: #0f71aa;
}

.grve-back-top .grve-back-top-icon, .grve-carousel-buttons div i, .grve-pagination ul li i {
	font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free'!important;
	font-weight: 900;
}

.grve-back-top .grve-back-top-icon::before {
	content:'\f077';
}

.grve-list-divider li::after, .grve-post-meta li::after, .grve-pagination ul li a {
	opacity: 1;
}

.grve-single-post-tags ul li a, .grve-pagination ul li > span, .grve-pagination ul li a {
	border-radius: 3px;
}

.grve-pagination ul li > span, .grve-pagination ul li a {
	border: 2px solid #e3e3e3; /* #c6c5c7 */
	color: #00629b;
}

.grve-pagination ul li > span {
	border-color: #00629b;
}

.grve-pagination ul li > span.current {
	background: #00629b;
	color: #fff;
}

.grve-single-post-tags ul li a:focus,
.grve-single-post-tags ul li a:hover,
.grve-pagination ul li a:focus,
.grve-pagination ul li a:hover {
	background-color: #fff;
	border-color: #0f71aa;
	color: #0f71aa;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.grve-icon-nav-left::before {
	content: '\f053';
}

.grve-icon-nav-right::before {
	content: '\f054';
}



/*__// 1. Classes //__*/
.hide:not(.show), .hidden {
	display: none!important;
	visibility: hidden!important;
}

.lt-grey-bg, #grve-main-content .grve-section.lt-grey-bg {
	background-color: #f3f3f3;
}

.ieee-blue-bg, #grve-main-content .grve-section.ieee-blue-bg {
	background-color: #00629b;
}

.grve-text, .grve-title, .mw-770, .mw-970 {
	margin-right: auto;
	margin-left: auto;
}

.mw-770 {
	max-width: 770px;
}

.grve-text, .grve-title, .mw-970 {
	max-width: 970px;
}



/*__// 2. Typography //__*/
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .grve-h1, .grve-h2, .grve-h3, .grve-h4, .grve-h5, .grve-h6, .grve-subtitle-text, .grve-blog .grve-post-title {
	margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.grve-subtitle-text, .grve-title.overline, .oa-journal .grve-title {
	color: #00629b;
}

.grve-title.overline {
	color: #e87722;
	margin-bottom: .5rem;
}

.oa-journal .grve-title {
	margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.grve-accordion .grve-title {
	font-size: 18px;
	font-weight: 600;
	letter-spacing: 0;
	line-height: 25px;
	text-transform: none; 
}

/*h1, .grve-h1 {
	color: #0375ad;
}*/

ul, ol {
	line-height: 25px;
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

.grve-text ul + p , .grve-text ol + p,
#grve-single-content ul + p, #grve-single-content ol + p {
	margin-top: 30px;
}

.grve-text ul ul {
	margin-top: 1em;
}

.grve-text li:not(:last-child), #grve-single-content li {
	margin-bottom: .5em;
}

.orange-bullets ul {
	list-style: none;
}

.orange-bullets > ul > li::before {
	color: #e87722;
	content: '\2022';
	display: inline-block;
	font-size: inherit;
	font-weight: 700;
	margin-left: -1em;
	width: 1em;
}

a {
	transition: color .3s ease;
}

a:not(.grve-btn):focus, a:not(.grve-btn):hover {
	text-decoration: underline;
}

.grve-post-header a:hover {
	text-decoration: none;
}

.grve-text a, #grve-single-content a {
	font-weight: 600;
}

.arrow-link a, .external-link a {
	font-size: 18px;
	font-weight: 600;
}

.grve-read-more.grve-link-text {
	color: #00629b;
	text-transform: capitalize;
}

.arrow-link a::after,
.external-link a::after,
.grve-read-more.grve-link-text:not(.grve-btn)::after {
	color: #e87722;
	display: inline-block;
	font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;
	font-family: 'Font Awesome 5 Free';
	font-size: inherit;
	font-weight: 900;
	padding-left: .5em;
	text-rendering: auto;
	-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
	transition: transform .3s ease;
}

.arrow-link.ko a::after,
.external-link.ko a::after {
	color: #fff;
}

.arrow-link a::after,
.grve-read-more.grve-link-text:not(.grve-btn)::after {
	content: '\f061';
}

.external-link a::after {
	/*content: '\f08e';*/
	content: '\f35d';
	/*font-weight: 700;*/
}

.arrow-link a:hover::after,
.external-link a:hover::after,
.grve-read-more.grve-link-text:not(.grve-btn):hover::after {
	transform: translate(.5rem);
}

.grve-small-text {
	line-height: 1.5;
}

.grve-post-meta {
	margin-bottom: .5rem;
}

.grve-post-meta li {
	color: #e87722;
	font-size: 15px;
	font-weight: 700;
	letter-spacing: .5px;
	line-height: 20px;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

.grve-blog .grve-blog-item:not(.grve-style-2) .grve-post-title.grve-post-title-hover:hover {
	color: #000;
}



/*__// 3. Header & Nav //__*/
#grve-top-bar .grve-top-bar-wrapper {
	border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e3e3; /* #dae3e7 */
}

#grve-top-bar .grve-container {
	background: url('img/ieee-logo2x.png') no-repeat 100% 50% transparent;
	background-size: 100px;
}

#grve-top-bar .grve-top-bar-menu {
	font-size: 13px;
	font-weight: 600;
}

#grve-top-bar ul {
	line-height: 29px;
	padding-left: 0;
}

#grve-top-bar ul.grve-left-side {
	/*width: 66.66666667%;*/
	width: calc(100% - 100px); /* minus IEEE logo width */
}

.grve-list-divider li::after {
	content: '|';
	margin: 0 .5em;
}

#grve-top-bar a:focus, #grve-top-bar a:hover {
	text-decoration: underline;
}

#grve-top-bar ul.grve-right-side {
	width: 100px; /* match IEEE logo width */
}

#grve-top-bar ul.grve-right-side li.grve-topbar-item,
#grve-top-bar ul.grve-right-side li.grve-topbar-item ul li,
#grve-top-bar ul.grve-right-side li.grve-topbar-item ul li a {
	display: block;
}

a.ieee-logo-link {
	overflow: hidden;
	text-indent: 100%;
	white-space: nowrap;
}

#grve-main-header:not(.grve-header-side) .grve-header-text-element > .grve-wrapper {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-position-right ul.grve-menu > li > a {
	padding-left: 1.25em;
	padding-right: 1.25em;
}

#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-arrow ul.grve-menu .menu-item-has-children > a {
	padding-right: 1.25em;
}

#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-position-right ul.grve-menu > li:first-child > a {
	padding-left: 0;
}

#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-position-right ul.grve-menu > li:last-child > a {
	padding-right: 0;
}

#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li ul li a {
	transition: all .3s ease;
}

#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li ul li a:focus,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li ul li a:hover {
	text-decoration: none;
}

#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-arrow ul.grve-menu .menu-item-has-children > a::after {
	margin-left: 5px;
	top: 1px;
}

#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu ul.grve-menu ul.sub-menu,
#grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header.grve-header-default,
#grve-header.grve-sticky-header.grve-scroll-down,
#grve-responsive-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-responsive-header {
	box-shadow: 0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
}

.grve-header-element .grve-item i.grve-icon-search,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.grve-current > a,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current-menu-item > a,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current-menu-ancestor > a,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current-page-ancestor > a,
.archive #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current_page_parent > a,
.archive #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.menu-item-what-s-new > a,
.single-post #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current_page_parent > a,
.single-post #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.menu-item-what-s-new > a,
.single-portfolio #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a,
.page-open-access-solutions #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul li li.current-menu-item > a,
#grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul li li.current-menu-ancestor > a {
	font-weight: 700;
}

.archive #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current_page_parent > a,
.archive  #grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header #grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current_page_parent > a,
.archive #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.menu-item-what-s-new > a,
.archive #grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header #grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.menu-item-what-s-new > a,
.single-post #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current_page_parent > a,
.single-post #grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header #grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.current_page_parent > a,
.single-post #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.menu-item-what-s-new > a,
.single-post #grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header #grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.menu-item-what-s-new > a,
.single-portfolio #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a,
.single-portfolio #grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header #grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a,
.page-open-access-solutions #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a,
.page-open-access-solutions #grve-header.grve-sticky-header #grve-main-header #grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li:nth-child(3) > a {
	color: #00629b;
}

.single-portfolio #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul li:nth-child(3) li:nth-child(2) > a,
.page-open-access-solutions #grve-header .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul li:nth-child(3) li:first-child > a {
	background-color: #f3f3f3;
	/*color: #00629b;*/
	font-weight: 700;
}

.grve-header-elements {
	margin-left: 1.25rem;
}

.grve-header-element > a {
	padding-left: 20px;
}


	/*__// 3a. Mobile/Hidden Menu //__*/
	.grve-hidden-menu-btn .grve-header-element .grve-item {
		font-size: 32px;
	}

	.grve-hidden-area {
		box-shadow: 0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
	}

	.grve-close-btn-wrapper {
		/*margin-bottom: 10px;*/
		text-align: right;
	}

	.grve-menu-wrapper {
		margin-bottom: 3.000em;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-menu a {
		padding-left: 1.25em;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-menu a:focus,
	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-menu a:hover {
		text-decoration: none;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu li .grve-arrow::before,
	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu li .grve-arrow::after {
		background-color: #00629b;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu li .grve-arrow::before {
		width: 2px;
		height: 10px;
		margin-left: -2px;
		margin-top: -6px;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu li .grve-arrow::after {
		width: 10px;
		height: 2px;
		margin-left: -6px;
		margin-top: -2px;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu li a {
		padding: 1em;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu li ul {
		border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
		margin-left: 0;
		padding-left: 30px;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu .sub-menu li:last-child {
		margin-bottom: 1em;
	}

	.grve-toggle-menu ul.grve-menu .sub-menu li a {
		background-color: transparent;
		border: 0;
		padding: .75em;
		transition: background-color .3s ease;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu li .open a {
		border-color: transparent;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-hiddenarea-content .grve-menu > li.current-menu-parent > .grve-toggle-menu-item-wrapper a,
	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-hiddenarea-content .grve-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > .grve-toggle-menu-item-wrapper a,
	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-hiddenarea-content .grve-menu > li.current-page-ancestor > .grve-toggle-menu-item-wrapper a,
	#grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu > li.current-menu-item > a, #grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu li.current-menu-item > a/*,
	#grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, #grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu li.current-page-ancestor > a*/ {
		color: #00629b;
		font-weight: 700;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-slide-menu ul li ul li:not(.grve-goback).current-menu-item > a,
	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-toggle-menu ul li ul li.current-menu-item > a,
	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-toggle-menu ul li ul li > a:focus,
	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-toggle-menu ul li ul li > a:hover,
	#grve-responsive-anchor ul li ul li.current-menu-item > a {
		background-color: #f3f3f3;
	}



/*__// 4. Footer //__*/
#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block:first-of-type .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:first-child img {
	max-width: 150px;
	padding: 6px 0 21px;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block:first-of-type .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column .arrow-link a {
	color: #00629b;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block:first-of-type .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {
	text-align: right;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block:first-of-type .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:last-child img {
	margin-bottom: 10px;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block:first-of-type .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:last-child img,
#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block.widget_media_image img {
	display: inline-block;
	max-width: 120px;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_media_image {
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .grve-widget + .grve-widget.grve-social {
	margin-top: 20px;
}

.grve-widget.grve-social ul {
	line-height: 20px;
}

.grve-element.grve-social ul li {
	margin: 0;
}

.grve-element.grve-social ul li:not(:first-child) {
	margin-left: 5px;
}

.grve-element.grve-social ul li a.grve-no-shape {
	width: 1.500em;
	height: 1.500em;
	line-height: 1.500em;
}

.grve-element.grve-social ul li a i {
	padding: 5px;
	transition: color .3s ease
}

.grve-footer-wrapper .grve-widget-area .grve-social ul li a:focus i.grve-text-black,
.grve-footer-wrapper .grve-widget-area .grve-social ul li a:hover i.grve-text-black {
	color: #00629b;
}

.grve-footer-wrapper .grve-widget-area .grve-social ul li a:hover i {
	-webkit-animation-name: none;
	animation-name: none;
}

.widgettitle {
	font-size: 15px;
}

.widgettitle, .widget.widget_nav_menu ul {
	line-height: 25px;
}

.widgettitle, .widget.widget_nav_menu li {
	margin-bottom: .5em;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget.widget_nav_menu a {
	font-size: 15px;
	font-weight: 600;
}

#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:nth-child(5) .widget_nav_menu .menu li > a {
	font-weight: 700;
}

#grve-footer .grve-footer-bar .grve-left-side, #grve-footer .grve-footer-bar .grve-right-side {
	width: 100%;
}

#grve-footer .grve-footer-bar .grve-right-side, #grve-footer .grve-footer-bar ul {
	text-align: left;
}

.grve-copyright {
	line-height: 20px;
	text-align: left!important;
}

#grve-footer .grve-footer-bar ul {
	font-weight: 600;
	line-height: 25px;
	margin-bottom: 15px;
}

#grve-footer .grve-footer-bar ul li {
	margin-left: 0;
}

#grve-footer .grve-footer-bar ul li:not(:last-child)::after {
	color: #000;
	content: '|';
	display: inline-block;
	margin: 0 .25em 0 .5em;
}

/*#grve-footer .grve-footer-bar ul {
	margin: 0px!important;
	text-align: left!important;
}*/



/*__// 5. Modules & Elements //__*/
.grve-image + .grve-title, .grve-element + .open-btn {
	margin-top: 30px;
}


	/*__// 5a. Accordions //__*/
	.grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-1 .grve-title-wrapper {
		background-color: #00629b;
		box-shadow: none;
		color: #fff;
		padding: 20px 40px;
		transition: background-color .3s ease;
	}

	.grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-1 .grve-title-wrapper:not(.active):focus,
	.grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-1 .grve-title-wrapper:not(.active):hover {
		background-color: #0f71aa;
	}

	.grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-2 .grve-title-wrapper {
		border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
		color: #00629b;
		padding: 15px 30px;
	}

	.grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-2 .grve-title-wrapper.active {
		border-color: #fff;
	}

	.grve-accordion-arrow {
		color: #e87722;
		opacity: 1!important;
	}

	.grve-accordion .grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-1 .grve-accordion-content {
		background-color: #f3f3f3;
		padding: 40px;
	}

	.grve-accordion .grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-2 .grve-accordion-content {
		border-bottom: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
		padding: 15px 30px 30px;
	}

	.grve-accordion.faqs {
		margin-right: auto;
		margin-left: auto;
		max-width: 970px;
	}


	/*__// 5b. Buttons //__*/
	a.grve-btn, #grve-theme-wrapper button:not(.grve-custom-btn), #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn), #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn),
	#grve-theme-wrapper button[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn), #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn), #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn),
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn), .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper #respond input#submit, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper a.button, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper button.button,
	.woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper input.button, .grve-read-more.download {
		box-shadow: 0 4px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
		font-size: 16px!important;
		font-weight: 600!important;
		line-height: 20px!important;
		margin-top: 0;
		margin-bottom: 0;
		min-width: 170px;
		padding: 1em 2em;
		text-transform: none;
		transition: all .3s ease;
	}

	a.grve-btn:hover, a.grve-btn:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper button:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover, #grve-theme-wrapper button:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus, #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover,
	#grve-theme-wrapper button[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus, #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover, #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus,
	#grve-theme-wrapper button[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover, #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover,
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus,
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):hover, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):focus, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper #respond input#submit:hover, 
	.woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper #respond input#submit:focus, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper a.button:hover, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper a.button:focus, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper button.button:hover,
	.woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper button.button:focus, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper input.button:hover, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper input.button:focus, .grve-read-more.download:hover, .grve-read-more.download:focus {
		box-shadow: 0 6px 10px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
	}

	a.grve-btn:active, #grve-theme-wrapper button:not(.grve-custom-btn):active, #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):active, #grve-theme-wrapper button[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):active,
	#grve-theme-wrapper button[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):active, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="button"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):active, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="submit"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):active,
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="reset"]:not(.grve-custom-btn):active, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper #respond input#submit:active, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper a.button:active, .woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper button.button:active,
	.woocommerce #grve-theme-wrapper input.button:active, .grve-read-more.download:active {
		box-shadow: none;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-bg-hover-primary-6:active, #grve-theme-wrapper a.grve-bg-hover-primary-6:active, #grve-theme-wrapper a .grve-bg-hover-primary-6:active, #grve-theme-wrapper a:active .grve-bg-hover-primary-6, #grve-theme-wrapper button:not(.grve-custom-btn):active {
		background-color: #00538c;
		border-color: #00538c;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-btn.grve-bg-white {
		color: #00629b;
	}


	/*__// 5c. Cards //__*/
	.card {
		padding: 20px;
	}

	.card.resource {
		background-color: #f3f3f3;
		padding: 40px 30px 30px;
	}


	/*__// 5f. Forms //__*/
	#form .wpb_content_element.wpb_raw_html {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="text"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="input"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="password"],
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="number"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="email"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="number"],
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="url"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="tel"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="search"],
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="date"], #grve-theme-wrapper textarea, #grve-theme-wrapper select, #grve-theme-wrapper .select2-choice {
		background-color: #fff;
		border: 2px solid #e3e3e3; /* #c6c5c7 */
		box-shadow: none;
		font-size: 16px;
		margin-bottom: 2em;
		transition: background-color .3s ease, border-color .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="text"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="input"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="password"]:focus,
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="number"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="email"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="number"]:focus,
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="url"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="tel"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="search"]:focus,
	#grve-theme-wrapper input[type="date"]:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper textarea:focus, #grve-theme-wrapper select:focus {
		border-color: #00629b;
		box-shadow: 0 4px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
		outline: none!important;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper textarea {
		min-height: 174px;
	}

	form[id^="mktoForm"] {
		color: #000!important;
		font-family: 'Open Sans'!important;
		font-size: 16px!important;
		padding: 60px 40px;
		width: 100%!important;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFieldDescriptor.mktoFormCol {
		margin-bottom: 0!important;
		min-height: 0;
		width: 100%;
	}

	.mktoOffset, .mktoGutter, .mktoAsterix + span {
		display: none;
	}

	.mktoHasWidth {
		width: 100%!important;
	}

	.mktoLabel.mktoHasWidth {
		position: relative;
		width: auto!important;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoRequiredField label.mktoLabel, .mktoForm .mktoLabel {
		color: #000;
		font-weight: 600;
		margin-bottom: .5em;
		padding: 0;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoFieldWrap {
		float: none;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoLabel .mktoAsterix {
		/*color: #bf0000!important;*/
		color: #e87722!important;
		float: none;
		padding-left: 0;
		position: absolute;
		right: -12px;
	}

	.mktoForm label[for^="Privacy_Policy_Consent"].mktoLabel .mktoAsterix {
		right: -32px;
	}

	/*.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoField {
		float: none;
	}*/

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoLogicalField {
		border: none!important;
		margin-bottom: 2em;
		padding: 0;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol label[for="Privacy_Policy_Consent__c"] + .mktoGutter + .mktoLogicalField {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}


	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoCheckboxList input[type="checkbox"] {
		margin-top: 1px;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoRadioList > label, .mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoCheckboxList > label {
		font-size: 14px;
		font-weight: 600;
		margin-bottom: .5em;
		margin-left: 1.5em;
		margin-top: 0;
	}

	#LblPrivacy_Policy_Consent__c .mktoAsterix {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}

	/*.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoRadioList.mktoRequired > label, .mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoCheckboxList.mktoRequired > label {
		margin-left: 2.25em;
	}*/

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol input[type=checkbox] + label::before, .mktoForm .mktoFormCol input[type=radio] + label::before {
		left: 0;
		margin-left: 0;
		margin-top: 1px;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoHtmlText {
		font-size: 14px;
		line-height: 24px;
		margin-bottom: 1em;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoFormCol .mktoHtmlText span {
		color: #282828!important;
		font-family: inherit!important;
	}

	.mktoButtonWrap {
		display: block;
		margin-left: 0!important;
		/*margin-top: 3rem!important;*/
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoButtonWrap .mktoButton {
		background-image: none!important;
		text-shadow: none!important;
		width: auto!important;
	}

	/*.mktoForm .mktoButtonWrap .mktoButton:hover {
		background-image: none!important;
	}*/

	.mktoForm .mktoButtonWrap .mktoButton:active {
		background-color: #00538c!important;
		border-color: #00538c;
	}

	.mktoForm input.mktoRequired.mktoInvalid {
		border-color: #bf0000!important;
	}

	.mktoError {
		bottom: -1em!important;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoError .mktoErrorArrow, .mktoForm .mktoError .mktoErrorMsg {
		background-color: #bf0000!important;
		border-color: #bf0000!important;
	}

	.mktoForm .mktoError .mktoErrorMsg, .mktoForm .mktoError .mktoErrorMsg .mktoErrorDetail {
		background-image: none!important;
		box-shadow: none!important;
		color: #fff!important;
		font-size: 14px!important;
		font-weight: 600;
		padding: .5em 1em!important;
		text-shadow: none!important;
	}


	/*__// 5d. Image/Text //__*/
	/*#grve-theme-wrapper .no-parallax-effect .grve-box-item.grve-paraller {
		transform: none!important;
	}*/

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-box-item.grve-bg-white {
		color: #000;
		box-shadow: 0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
	}

	.grve-image-text .grve-title {
		line-height: 35px;
		margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-box-item .grve-btn {
		margin-left: 0;
		margin-right: 0;
	}


	/*__// 5e. Portfolio Filter //__*/
	.grve-filter ul {
		line-height: 2;
	}

	.grve-filter ul li {
		font-size: 16px;
	}

	/*.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-simple ul li {
		opacity: 1;
	}*/

	/*.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-simple ul li.selected,*/
	.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-button ul li:active,
	.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-button ul li:focus,
	.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-button ul li:hover {
		color: #0f71aa;
	}

	/*.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-simple ul li.selected {
		font-weight: bold;
	}

	.grve-filter.grve-filter-style-simple ul li::after {
		color: #ddd!important;
		font-weight: normal;
		opacity: 1;
	}*/



/*__// 6. Home Page //__*/
#hero .grve-container::after {
	background: url('img/ieee-open-hero-lock2x.png') no-repeat center;
	background-size: 400px;
	content: '';
	display: block;
	height: 611px;
	opacity: .5;
	position: absolute;
	right: 0;
	/*top: -130px;*/
	top: -75px;
	width: 400px;
	z-index: 1;
}

#hero .grve-column {
	z-index: 2;
}

.hero-btn {
	background: #e87722;
	background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #c95803, #e87722);
	border-radius: 3px;
	box-shadow: 0 4px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
	color: #fff;
	display: block;
	font-size: 18px;
	margin-bottom: 20px;
	max-width: 400px;
	padding: 1em 1.5em;
	text-decoration: none!important;
	transition: box-shadow .3s ease;
}

.hero-btn span {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-top: 10px;
}

.hero-btn strong {
	font-size: 25px;
}

.hero-btn:focus,
.hero-btn:hover {
	box-shadow: 0 6px 10px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
	color: #fff;
}

.hero-btn:active {
	box-shadow: none;
}

#publishing-options .grve-column .grve-column-wrapper {
	background-color: #fff;
	padding: 40px 30px;
}

#publishing-options .grve-box-icon .grve-box-title-wrapper, #publishing-options .grve-box-content p {
	margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

#publishing-options .arrow-link a {
	margin-left: 100px;
}

#news-events .grve-column .grve-column-wrapper {
	padding: 40px;
}

#news-events .grve-row-inner {
	margin: 40px 0;
}



/*__// 7. Secondary Pages //__*/
#grve-page-title .grve-container::after,
#grve-blog-title .grve-container::after {
	background: url('img/ieee-open-page-title-lock2x.png') no-repeat center;
	background-size: 190px;
	content: '';
	display: block;
	height: 298px;
	opacity: .6;
	position: absolute;
	right: 0;
	top: -124px;
	width: 190px;
}

#intro .grve-column-wrapper, #callout .grve-column-wrapper {
	background-color: #f3f3f3;
	padding: 60px 40px;
}

#callout.tall .grve-column-wrapper {
	padding-top: 100px;
	padding-bottom: 100px;
}

#callout.hybrid-journals .grve-column-wrapper {
	background-position: left top!important;
}

.faq-toggle {
	font-size: 16px;
	font-weight: 600;
	margin-bottom: 1rem;
	text-align: right;
}

.faq-toggle a:hover {
	cursor: pointer;
}

.resource .grve-box-icon.grve-top-icon .grve-box-title-wrapper {
	margin-bottom: 0;
}

.resource .grve-box-icon.grve-top-icon .grve-box-title-wrapper + p, .resource .grve-box-icon + .grve-text {
	margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.oa-journal .grve-image-wrapper {
	border: 1px solid #e3e3e3;
}

.oa-journals .grve-text, .oa-journals .grve-text a {
	font-size: 16px;
}

#hybrid-journals .grve-row.grve-columns-gap-30 {
	margin-left: 0;
	margin-right: 0;
}

#hybrid-journals .img-column {
	padding-right: 0;
}

#hybrid-journals .txt-column .grve-column-wrapper {
	padding: 100px 0 100px 65px;
}


	/*__// 7a. Partner Pages //__*/
	#empty-message {
		position: absolute;
		margin: 10px auto 0;
		width: 100%;
		color: #cc0000;
		font-size: 15px;
	}

	.grve-portfolio .grve-portfolio-item .grve-isotope-item-inner {
		background-color: #00629b;
		border-radius: 6px;
		box-shadow: 0 4px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
		height: 100%;
		margin-bottom: 0;
		transition: all .3s ease;
	}

	.grve-portfolio .grve-portfolio-item .grve-isotope-item-inner:focus,
	.grve-portfolio .grve-portfolio-item .grve-isotope-item-inner:hover {
		background-color: #0f71aa
		box-shadow: 0 6px 10px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
	}

	.grve-portfolio .grve-portfolio-item .grve-isotope-item-inner a.grve-read-more {
		height: 100%;
		left: 0;
		position: absolute;
		top: 0;
		width: 100%;
	}

	.grve-portfolio-item .grve-media {
		background-color: #fff;
		border: 2px solid #e3e3e3; /* #c6c5c7 */
		border-top-left-radius: 6px;
		border-top-right-radius: 6px;
		position: inherit;
		transition: border-color .3s ease;
	}

	.grve-portfolio-item .grve-content {
		margin-top: 0!important;
		padding: 2rem 1rem;
	}

	.grve-portfolio-item .grve-content .grve-title {
		color: #fff;
		margin-bottom: .5rem;
	}

	.grve-portfolio-item .grve-description.grve-text-content {
		color: #fff;
	}

	#grve-portfolio-title, #grve-single-media.grve-portfolio-media {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}

	#institutional-partner .grve-text + .grve-text {
		margin-top: 1.5rem;
	}

	#institutional-partner .grve-text + .grve-callout {
		margin-top: 3rem;
	}

	.grve-callout.cta-partner-open {
		background-color: #f3f3f3;
		padding: 1.5rem 2rem;
	}


	/*__// 7b. Blog Pages //__*/
	.grve-blog-small .grve-blog-item-inner {
		flex-direction: row-reverse;
	}

	.grve-blog-small .grve-post-content-wrapper {
		padding-left: 0;
	}

	#grve-single-media:not(.grve-fullwidth) img {
		margin-left: 0;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-post-title-wrapper {
		margin-bottom: 3rem;
	}

	.grve-post-title-wrapper .grve-single-simple-title {
		line-height: 50px;
		margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
	}

	.grve-post-title-wrapper .grve-single-simple-title + .grve-post-meta {
		margin-top: 0;
	}

	#grve-sidebar .widget.widget_recent_entries ul {
		line-height: 20px;
		font-weight: 600;
	}

	#grve-sidebar .widget.widget_recent_entries li {
		margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
	}

	#grve-sidebar .widget.widget_recent_entries li a {
		color: #00629b;
		line-height: 20px;
	}

	#grve-sidebar .widget.widget_recent_entries li a:focus,
	#grve-sidebar .widget.widget_recent_entries li a:hover {
		color: #0f71aa;
	}



/*__// 8. System Pages //__*/
	
	/*__// 8a. Search Pages //__*/
	/*#grve-theme-wrapper #grve-search-modal .grve-search .grve-search-btn {
		display: block!important;
	}*/

	#grve-search-modal .grve-modal-item {
		background-color: #fff;
		box-shadow: 0 8px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.2);
		padding: 100px 60px;
	}

	#grve-search-modal .grve-search .grve-search-placeholder {
		font-size: 18px;
		font-weight: 400;
		line-height: 48px;
		text-align: left;
	}

	#grve-search-modal .grve-search .grve-search-placeholder .grve-heading-color {
		color: #c6c5c7;
		font-size: 100%!important;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-modal .grve-search input[type='text'] {
		border: 2px solid #e3e3e3; /* #c6c5c7 */
		border-radius: 3px;
		display: block!important;
		font-size: 20px;
		font-weight: 400;
		padding: .5em 1.25em;
		text-align: left;
	}

	#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-modal .grve-search input[type='text']:focus {
		border-color: #00629b;
	}

	.search-results .grve-filter {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}

	.search-results #grve-main-content .grve-main-content-wrapper {
		padding-top: 30px;
	}

	.search-results .grve-filter ul li {
		transition: color .3s ease;
	}

	.search-results .grve-filter ul li.selected {
		color: #00629b;
		font-weight: 700;
	}

	.search-results .grve-filter ul li::after {
		color: #000;
	}

	.search-results .grve-filter ul li:hover {
		color: #00629b;
	}

	.search-results .grve-blog .grve-media {
		display: none!important;
	}

	.search-results .grve-blog .grve-blog-item-inner {
		border: 2px solid #e3e3e3; /* #c6c5c7 */
		border-radius: 6px;
		/*box-shadow: none;*/
		box-shadow: 0 4px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0, .3);
		padding: 40px 30px 30px;
		/*transition: border-color .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease;*/
	}

	/*.search-results .grve-blog .grve-blog-item-inner:hover {
		border-color: #00629b;
		box-shadow: 0 4px 8px -4px rgba(0,0,0, .3);
	}*/

	.search-results #grve-theme-wrapper .grve-post-title:hover {
		color: #000;
	}

	.search-results #grve-theme-wrapper .grve-post-content > a:hover {
		text-decoration: none;
	}



/*__// X. Media Queries //__*/
@media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
	/*__// 5. Modules & Elements //__*/

		/*__// 5d. Image/Text //__*/
		.grve-image-text.grve-layout-2.grve-align-left .grve-image {
			margin-left: 5%;
			margin-right: 40%;
		}

		.grve-image-text.grve-layout-2.grve-align-left .grve-content {
			margin-right: 5%;
		}

		.grve-image-text.grve-layout-2.grve-align-right .grve-image {
			margin-left: 40%;
			margin-right: 5%;
		}

		.grve-image-text.grve-layout-2.grve-align-right .grve-content {
			margin-left: 5%;
		}
}


@media only screen and (max-width: 1023px) {
	/*__// 5. Modules & Elements //__*/

		/*__// 5d. Image/Text //__*/
		.grve-image-text.grve-layout-2 .grve-content {
			margin: -48px auto 0;
			position: relative;
			transform: none!important;
			width: 90%;
		}
}


@media only screen and (min-width: 959px) and (max-width: 1200px) {
	/*__// 3. Header & Nav //__*/
	#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-position-right ul.grve-menu > li > a {
		padding-left: .875em;
		padding-right: .875em;
	}

	#grve-header .grve-horizontal-menu.grve-arrow ul.grve-menu .menu-item-has-children > a {
		padding-right: .875em;
	}

	.grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li > a, .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li .grve-toggle-menu-item-wrapper a,
	.grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li.megamenu > ul > li > a, .grve-toggle-hiddenarea .grve-label, .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li ul li.grve-goback a {
		font-size: 15px;
	}

	.grve-slide-menu .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper ul li.megamenu ul li:not(.grve-goback) > a, .grve-main-menu .grve-wrapper > ul > li ul li a {
		font-size: 14px;
	}


	/*__// 7. Secondary Pages //__*/
	#hybrid-journals .txt-column .grve-column-wrapper {
		padding-left: 45px;
	}
}


@media only screen and (max-width: 959px) {
	/*__// 6. Home Page //__*/
	#publishing-options .grve-column-inner:not(:last-child) .grve-column-wrapper-inner {
		margin-bottom: 40px;
	}

	#news-events .grve-column .grve-column-wrapper {
		padding-left: 15px;
		padding-right: 15px;
	}
}


@media only screen and (max-width: 781px) {
	/*__// 4. Footer //__*/
	#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .grve-widget:not(:first-of-type) .wp-block-column:not(:last-child) {
		margin-top: 1em;
		margin-bottom: 2em;
	}
}


@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) {
	/*__// 5. Modules & Elements //__*/

		/*__// 5b. Buttons //__*/
		/*#grve-theme-wrapper .grve-link-text, */#grve-theme-wrapper a.grve-btn, #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="submit"], #grve-theme-wrapper input[type="reset"],
		#grve-theme-wrapper button:not(.mfp-arrow):not(.grve-search-btn), #cancel-comment-reply-link, #reply-title {
			font-size: 16px!important
		}


	/*__// 7. Secondary Pages //__*/
	#hybrid-journals .txt-column .grve-column-wrapper {
		padding-left: 25px;
	}
}


@media only screen and (min-width: 768px) {
	/*__// 1. Classes //__*/
	.dsktp-col-rev > [class^="grve-column"]:first-of-type {
		float: right;
	}

	.mobile-only {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}


	/*__// 7. Secondary Pages //__*/
	#resources .grve-column {
		margin-bottom: 30px;
	}


		/*__// 7b. Blog Pages //__*/
		.grve-blog-small .grve-post-content-wrapper {
			padding-right: 30px;
		}
}


@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
	/*__// Classes //__*/
	.desktop-only, .dsktp-only {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}


	/*__// 2. Typography //__*/
	.widget, .widgets, .widget p {
		font-size: 13px;
		line-height: 19px;
	}


	/*__// 3. Header & Nav //__*/
	#grve-top-bar {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-hiddenarea-content .grve-menu > li > a,
	#grve-hidden-menu .grve-hiddenarea-content .grve-menu > li > .grve-toggle-menu-item-wrapper a,
	#grve-responsive-anchor .grve-hiddenarea-content .grve-menu > li > a, #grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu > li.megamenu > ul > li > a,
	#grve-hidden-menu ul.grve-menu > li ul li.grve-goback a {
		font-size: 16px;
		line-height: 2em;
	}

	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-slide-menu ul li.megamenu ul li:not(.grve-goback) > a, 
	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-slide-menu ul li ul li:not(.grve-goback) > a, 
	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-toggle-menu ul li.megamenu ul li > a,
	#grve-hidden-menu.grve-toggle-menu ul li ul li > a,
	#grve-responsive-anchor ul li ul li > a {
		/*font-size: 15px;*/
		line-height: 1.5em;
	}


	/*__// 4. Footer //__*/
	ul#menu-footer-menu li:not(:last-child) {
		margin-right: 10px;
		padding-right: 10px;
	}


	/*__// 5. Modules & Elements //__*/

		/*__// 5a. Accordions //__*/
		/*.grve-accordion .grve-accordion-wrapper.grve-style-1 .grve-accordion-content {
			padding-left: 30px;
			padding-right: 30px;
		}*/


		/*__// 5d. Image/Text //__*/
		.grve-image-text.grve-layout-2 .grve-content {
			margin-top: -36px;
		}


		/*__// 5f. Forms //__*/
		form[id^="mktoForm"] {
			padding: 40px 30px;
		}


	/*__// 6. Home Page //__*/
	#hero .grve-container::after {
		opacity: .15;
	}


	/*__// 7. Secondary Pages //__*/
	#intro .grve-column-wrapper, #callout .grve-column-wrapper {
		padding: 40px 30px;
	}

	.oa-journals .grve-row.grve-columns-gap-30 .grve-column .grve-column-wrapper {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

	.oa-journal .grve-image {
		margin-bottom: 30px;
	}

	#hybrid-journals .txt-column .grve-column-wrapper {
		padding: 80px 15px;
	}

	#hybrid-journals .img-column {
		padding-left: 0;
	}

		/*__// 7b. Blog Pages //__*/
		.grve-post-title-wrapper .grve-single-simple-title {
			font-size: 32px;
			line-height: 40px;
		}
}


@media only screen and (min-width: 600px) {
	/*__// 4. Footer //__*/
	#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .grve-widget.widget_media_image,
	#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .grve-widget.widget_media_image + .grve-widget.grve-social {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}
}


@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
	/*__// 4. Footer //__*/
	#grve-footer .grve-widget-area .widget_block:first-of-type .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {
		display: none!important;
		visibility: hidden!important;
	}
}


@media only screen and (max-width: 480px) {
	/*__// 5. Modules & Elements //__*/

		/*__// 5b. Forms //__*/
		.mktoForm input[type=url], .mktoForm input[type=text], .mktoForm input[type=date], .mktoForm input[type=tel],
		.mktoForm input[type=email], .mktoForm input[type=number], .mktoForm textarea.mktoField, .mktoForm select.mktoField {
			height: auto!important;
		}


	/*__// 6. Home Page //__*/
	#hero .grve-container::after {
		margin-right: -200px;
		right: 50%;
	}
}